MariaDB主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制的配置详解
文章主要详细介绍了mariadb的主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制的概念和方法,有需要的小伙伴可以参考下。
主从服务器的时间要同步,数据库版本最好是一致的,以免造成函数处理、日志读取、日志解析等发生异常。
以下三个主从复制的设置是独立的。
注意防火墙和selinux的影响。
一、简单主从复制的实现
1、主服务器的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同) log-bin = master-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)
(3)授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (启动mariadb server)[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to'repluser'@'10.1.51.%'identified by'replpasswd';MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到)*************************** 1. row ***************************File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二进制日志文件)Position: 497 (所处的位置)Binlog_Do_DB:Binlog_Ignore_DB:
2、从服务器的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON server-id = 2 (id号不能跟主服务器相同) relay-log = slave-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)
(3)设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=497;MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; (启动复制功能)MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (查看从服务器的状态,下面显示的是部分内容)Master_Host: 10.1.51.60Master_User: repluserMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos: 497Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 530Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesMaster_Server_Id: 1
3、测试
(1)在主服务器导入事先准备好的数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql < hellodb.sql
(2)在从服务器查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || hellodb |(数据库已经同步)| mysql || performance_schema ||test|+--------------------+MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;MariaDB [hellodb]> show tables; (hellodb数据库的表也是同步的)+-------------------+| Tables_in_hellodb |+-------------------+| classes || coc || courses || scores || students || teachers || toc |+-------------------+
二、双主复制的实现
1、服务器1的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON server-id = 1 (id号不能跟从服务器相同) log-bin = master-log (自定义主服务器的二进制日志文件名) relay-log = slave-log (自定义从服务器的二进制日志文件名) auto_increment_offset = 1 auto_increment_increment = 2
(3)在服务器2上查看的master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G*************************** 1. row ***************************File: master-log.000003Position: 422Binlog_Do_DB:Binlog_Ignore_DB:
(4)启动mariadb server并进行如下配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to'repluser'@'10.1.51.%'identified by'replpasswd';MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.50',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=422;MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G (仅是部分内容)Master_Host: 10.1.51.50Master_User: repluserMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000002Relay_Log_Pos: 530Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesMaster_Server_Id: 2
2、服务器2的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 2
relay-log = slave-log
lob-bin = master-log
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 2
(3)在服务器1查看master状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G *************************** 1. row *************************** File: master-log.000003 Position: 245 Binlog_Do_DB: Binlog_Ignore_DB:
(4)启动mariadb server并配置
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to'repluser'@'10.1.51.%'identified by'replpasswd';MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G (仅是部分内容)Master_Host: 10.1.51.60Master_User: repluserMaster_Port: 3306Connect_Retry: 60Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Read_Master_Log_Pos: 422Relay_Log_File: slave-log.000003Relay_Log_Pos: 530Relay_Master_Log_File: master-log.000003Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: YesMaster_Server_Id: 1
3、测试
(1)在任意一台服务器上创建mydb数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mydb;
(2)在另一台服务器上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;+--------------------+| Database |+--------------------+| information_schema || mydb || mysql || performance_schema ||test|+--------------------+
三、半同步复制的实现
1、在主服务器上的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve = ON
innodb_file_per_table = ON
server-id = 1
log-bin = master-log
(3)授权可以复制本地数据库信息的主机
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service (启动mariadb server)[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to'repluser'@'10.1.51.%'identified by'replpasswd';MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;MariaDB [(none)]> show master status\G (查看主服务器的状态信息,在从服务器中要用到)*************************** 1. row ***************************File: master-log.000003 (正在使用的二进制日志文件)Position: 245 (所处的位置)Binlog_Do_DB:Binlog_Ignore_DB:
(4)安装rpl semi sync_master插件,并启用
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]>installplugin rpl_semi_sync_master soname'semisync_master.so';MariaDB [(none)]>setglobal rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = ON;
补充:
MariaDB [(none)]> show plugins;(可查看插件是否激活)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like 'rpl_semi%';(可查看安装的插件是否启用)
MariaDB [(none)]> show global status like '%semi%';(可查看从服务器的个数,此时是0个)
2、从服务器的配置
(1)安装mariadb-server
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]段的最后添加以下内容
skip_name_resolve = ON innodb_file_per_table = ON server-id = 2 (id号不能跟主服务器相同) relay-log = slave-log (自定义二进制日志文件名)
(3)设置要从哪个主服务器的那个位置开始同步
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> change mastertomaster_host='10.1.51.60',master_user='repluser',master_password='replpasswd',master_log_file='master-log.000003',master_log_pos=245;
(4)安装rpl semi sync_slave插件并启用
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> install plugin rpl_semi_sync_slave soname'semisync_slave.so';MariaDB [(none)]>setglobalrpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled =ON;MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
完成上面配置后,可以在主服务器上查看半同步复制的相关信息,命令如下:
MariaDB [(none)]> showglobalstatuslike'%semi%';Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients 1 (从服务器有一台)
3、测试
测试以个人实际情况而定
(1)在主服务器上导入事先准备好的数据库hellodb.sql
MariaDB [hellodb]> source /root/hellodb.sql;
(2)在主服务器上查看半同步复制的状态
MariaDB [hellodb]> show master status;+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| master-log.000003 | 8102 | | |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+MariaDB [hellodb]> show global status like'%semi%';+--------------------------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------------------------+-------+| Rpl_semi_sync_master_clients | 1 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_avg_wait_time | 1684 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_wait_time | 60630 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_net_waits | 36 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_times | 1 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_no_tx | 1 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_status | ON || Rpl_semi_sync_master_timefunc_failures | 0 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_avg_wait_time | 1884 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_wait_time | 65965 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_tx_waits | 35 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_pos_backtraverse | 0 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_wait_sessions | 0 || Rpl_semi_sync_master_yes_tx | 35 |+--------------------------------------------+-------+
(3)在从服务器上查看是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;MariaDB [hellodb]>select*fromstudents;
补充:基于上面的半同步复制配置复制的过滤器,复制过滤最好在从服务器上设置,步骤如下
1、从服务器的配置
(1)关闭mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service
(2)编辑/etc/my.cnf文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnfskip_name_resolve = ONinnodb_file_per_table = ONserver-id= 2relay-log = slave-logreplicate-do-db= mydb (只复制mydb数据库的内容)
补充:常用的过滤选项如下
Replicate_Do_DB=
Replicate_Ignore_DB=
Replicate_Do_Table=
Replicate_Ignore_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table=
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table=
(3)重启mariadb server
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
(4)重启mariadb server后,半同步复制功能将被关闭,因此要重新启动
MariaDB [(none)]> show global variables like'%semi%';+---------------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------------------------+-------+| rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled | OFF || rpl_semi_sync_slave_trace_level | 32 |+---------------------------------+-------+MariaDB [(none)]>setglobal rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = ON;MariaDB [(none)]> stop slave;(需先关闭从服务器复制功能再重启)MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
2、测试
(1)主服务器上的hellodb数据库创建一个新表semitable
MariaDB [hellodb]> create table semitable (id int);
(2)在从服务器上查看hellodb数据库是否有semitable
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodbMariaDB [hellodb]> show tables;(并没有)+-------------------+| Tables_in_hellodb |+-------------------+| classes || coc || courses || scores || students || teachers || toc |+-------------------+
(3)在主服务器上创建mydb数据库,并为其创建一个tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> create database mydb;
(4)在从服务器上查看mydb数据库的是否有tbl1表
MariaDB [hellodb]> use mydb;MariaDB [mydb]> show tables; (可以查看到)+----------------+| Tables_in_mydb |+----------------+| tbl1 |+----------------+
以上就是MariaDB主从复制、主主复制、半同步复制的配置详解的全部内容了,希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助。
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